❋ Research

Adult-learning theory linkedin series

❋ Andragogy

Andragogy comes from the Greek ἀνήρ (adult) and ἀγωγός (guide). First published in 1833 by German educator Alexander Kapp, the term names the art and science of helping adults learn. It centers autonomy, experience, and purposeful application in the design of learning.

❋ Experiential Learning Theory

David Kolb proposed that learning unfolds through a cycle: concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation. Adults learn most effectively when experience is structured and reflection is intentional.

❋ Self-Directed Learning

Advanced by Malcolm Knowles, self-directed learning positions adults as active agents in diagnosing their learning needs, setting goals, identifying resources, and evaluating outcomes. It assumes autonomy and responsibility as core design considerations.

❋ Situated Learning / Communities of Practice

Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger argued that learning occurs through participation in social practice. Knowledge develops through engagement in real contexts, alongside others, rather than through isolated instruction.